Presented By: Charlton Bassett, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Co-Authors: Emily Ames, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Eugene Kang, University Medical Center of Southern Nevada
Michael Lauria, University of New Mexico School of Medicine
Joshua Levy, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Marvi Moreno, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Kaden Norman, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Colin Standifird, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Kathry Sulkowski, University Medical Center of Southern Nevada
Hunter Triplett, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at University of Nevada, Las Vegas

Purpose 
Simulation tools are integral for medical education, but current commercial models for ultrasound-guided intravenous (IV) access can be cost prohibitive and lack representative anatomical complexities. This abstract demonstrates cost-effective gel models that exemplify realistic vasculature, creating a viable alternative to address these limitations. These advanced gel models incorporate intricate vein and artery arrangements that enhance medical training by providing a more veritable experience. Patient testing will further validate the efficacy of these models, encouraging improved opportunity for skill development in resource-constrained settings. 

Methods 
In a controlled study at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas School of Medicine, twelve medical students with limited ultrasound experience participated in a workshop using novel and Blue Phantom models for ultrasound-guided IV catheter placement. These advanced models were created using Ziplock„¢ Tupperware, ultrasonography gel-filled balloons, and gelatin. Student confidence pre- and post-training was assessed using a verified survey method. 

Results 
Data analysis from ten constructed models and one commercial model using paired t-test's produced significant results for the advanced model and the chicken model, with insignificant results for all other models. Participants' confidence was assessed using a 5-point likert scale. Participants felt significantly more confident using the advanced model (3.2, p = .002) when compared to the commercial model (2.5), and significantly less confident using the chicken model (1.6, p = .039) when compared to the commercial model (2.5). 

Conclusion 
This study proposes various advanced models for ultrasound-guided peripheral IV access training. One model demonstrated statistically significant increases in participant confidence levels, while several other models demonstrated increased average confidence levels without being statistically significant. Despite limitations in sample size and single-school participation, the advanced models' versatility and cost-effectiveness make them legitimate prospects for replacing current commercial models, enhancing training proficiency while reducing costs.