Purpose
3D printing is a novel technological aid that allows a more realistic view of the anatomical structures than the textbook images or 3D digital views from imaging scans or software would provide. Students often come across complex terminologies used by surgeons and clinicians during surgical rotation for common procedures such as laparoscopic hernia repair. Traditional inguinal anatomy taught to first year medical students does not represent the anatomy that is needed for understanding a common surgical procedure such as laparoscopic hernia repair. There is a gap in pre-clinical education and clinical knowledge required for students to smoothly transit into clinical education. Hence, we developed a 3D printed anatomy model simulating the complexity encountered during laparoscopic hernia mesh repair to augment anatomy knowledge for students to succeed in surgery clerkship.

Methods
Using Computer Aided Design (CAD) with appropriate colors and polymerase materials, a 3D printed model of inguinal canal was designed in collaboration with the biomedical engineering department at Oakland University. A pre-test was conducted after a lecture and cadaver lab on inguinal anatomy. Students were introduced to the self-directed 3D printed model with labels to familiarize the surgical anatomy of hernia repair. Subsequently, a post-test was conducted and survey responses were documented regarding understanding the anatomy using the inguinal canal model.

Results
The results are being processed for statistical analysis. However, our pilot study shows that students fared better in the post-test as compared to the pre-test. In addition, students expressed favorable perception toward the 3D printed model as a helpful learning resource. 

Conclusion
Anatomy educators should consider integration of 3D printed models to understand complex anatomy in conjunction with traditional anatomy education. This will alleviate the learning curve during the surgical rotation and effectively navigate through surgical residency.