Clinicians are both mechanics and gardeners. Mechanics use technical skills to fix problems, whereas gardeners provide nutrients and support growth. With concerns about the sustainability of the healthcare workforce, medical education ideally attends to what trainees can ultimately do, as well as who they ultimately become. Drawing on data and stories of trainees, teachers, researchers and clinicians, Dr. Epstein will provide pragmatic ways that educators can support learners’ self-awareness, resilience, and practical wisdom in tandem with the intellectual and technical challenges of clinical practice.