The Science of Team Science (SciTS) has emerged as an effort to analyze and improve collaboration within scientific research, yet questions remain about its coherence and maturity as a distinct field. This study presents a critical meta-analysis of empirically-based SciTS research published between 2006 and 2025. Drawing on 117 articles identified through systematic searches of Scopus and Web of Science, we examine the social characteristics of those who conduct SciTS research, the nature of the knowledge it produces, and whether SciTS meets key criteria of an established discipline. Our analysis reveals that SciTS is heavily dominated by U.S.-based researchers with limited representation from the global south. Most first authors are not social scientists, and SciTS research focuses mainly on biomedical research. Studies tend to rely mainly on quantitative methods, and where qualitative research is employed, it is most often used as an adjunct to quantitative assessments. Research in this area most often focuses on individuals rather than teams, and remains largely atheoretical and conceptually underdefined. Few papers study in vivo teams or provide clear operational definitions of “team science.†Considering criteria for scientific field formation, such as institutionalization, theoretical coherence, and professionalization, SciTS remains emergent and fragmented. We conclude by outlining steps for building a more reflexive, interdisciplinary, and theoretically integrated SciTS capable of advancing understanding of scientific collaboration across domains and becoming a mature field in its own right.