Surveyors often contemplate the accuracy and precision of Real Time Kinematic (RTK) Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) surveys. Surveyors ask how long and how many times should I occupy a point using RTK techniques and methodology? Professional surveyors desire to mitigate risk and satisfy the project requirements. This requires balancing economics and standards.

Consideration is given to the fact that we have significant advancements in GNSS technology and methods. Surveyors have several GNSS constellations available. There are various network solutions such as iMAX and VRS. There are many measurement techniques and position algorithms utilized.
Potentially, surveyors have taken for granted the level of accuracy and precision when using current GNSS technology and methods. A reminder that variability is found in GNSS measured data is prudent.

This paper studies various collections of survey data that can provide valuable insight. Comparisons are made between RTK surveys measured using iMAX and VRS network methodologies. Occupations of instantaneous, 1, 5, and 15 observations are measured. Additional comparisons are made between RTK surveys measured using the survey rod in the level position and tilt technology.

Conclusions and recommendations are made by observing the results of this study.