Purpose
This case report demonstrates how discovering anatomical variations during dissection-based learning can engage students and deepen their understanding. The vertebral arteries' complex development and path can lead to clinically significant variations. Dissection of an aberrant right vertebral artery in a male cadaver prompted further investigation into these variations and their clinical implications.

Methods
During an eight-week gross anatomy course, five freshman medical students dissected an adult male cadaver. Pathologic and gross changes, including surgical interventions, were recorded. While studying the root of the neck, students discovered an aberrant right vertebral artery. Throughout the semester, students independently collected data and conducted a literature search to assess the prevalence, clinical significance, and potential impact on the donor's life.

Results
Typically, vertebral arteries are bilaterally symmetrical and enter the C6 transverse foramen. In this case, the right vertebral artery had a 9mm diameter at its origin and an 85mm length to its entry at the C4 transverse foramen. The left vertebral artery measured 4mm in diameter at its origin and 39mm in length before entering at C6. The distal segments of both arteries formed a tortuous basilar artery. Additional findings included a 746g heart with fibrous changes in both ventricles and no sclerotic buildup in major arteries.

Conclusions
Cadaver dissection creates the opportunity to make first-hand discoveries which can encourage students to take ownership of their learning, making them more independent and engaged learners. The example here of an aberrant vertebral artery lead students to investigate the substantial surgical challenges, lifestyle impacts, and the complexity of such variations. It helped students identify the importance of anatomical variations to prevent iatrogenic injuries, and underscores the educational value of dissection-based courses.